Use of email, social media, and instant messaging were not associated with a lower risk of depression. We examined associations between use of four communication technologies (email, social networks, video chat, and instant messaging) in 2012 and depressive symptoms (eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale) at two-year follow-up.ĥ64 participants (39.6%) did not use any communication technologies, 314 (22.1%) used email only, and 255 (17.9%) used video chat (e.g., Skype).
Nationally representative, population-based prospective cohort.ĭata were obtained from the 20 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).ġ,424 community-residing older adults (mean age, 64.8) in the United States. This study aimed to determine whether use of certain types of online communication technology is associated with subsequent depressive symptoms.
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